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Taltos in Hungarian Culturae Tradition
Horychová, Simona ; Pargač, Jan (advisor) ; Šalanda, Bohuslav (referee)
The aim is to introduce a character of Táltoše in all its complexity. Táltos occurs mainly in Hungarian folklore. It is assumed that in rural environment are kept magic-religious beliefs of Proto-hungarians. Based on comparison of world beliefs Ugro-Finnish and Ural-Altaic ethnic groups of Siberia with the Hungarian folk tradition scientists try to prove that the original function of Táltos was the same as shaman held in Siberian ethnic groups. In the European environment, there are characters with the same attributes which dispose Táltos as well. For this reason, some scientists inclined to an European-Slavic origin. However, at the present Táltos is considered in Hungarian society as a shaman and therefore the scientists try to build on its old religious tradition. Keywords Taltos, shaman, shamanism, Hungarians, ethnogenesis, culture
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Minority Rights and Possibilities of Identification of the Hungarian Minority in Czechoslovakia on Žitný ostrov in 1969-1989
Ročkár, Matej ; Juhászová, Tereza (advisor) ; Klípa, Ondřej (referee)
The thesis deals with the minority rights of the Hungarian minority in Czechoslovakia in the period 1969 - 1989. The thesis focuses on the impact of the state's minority policy on the everyday life of Hungarians on Žitný ostrov, which is one of the regions with the strongest proportion of Hungarians of all regions in Slovakia. The period between 1969 and 1989 was marked not only by the normalisation processes following the invasion of the Warsaw Pact troops but also by the federalisation of Czechoslovakia. Thanks to this, some of the competencies that had an impact on the daily life of national minorities were transferred to the level of Slovakia as one of the state-forming units. This thesis aims to find out how members of the Hungarian minority experienced the period of normalisation. To answer this question, research was conducted in the form of personal interviews with witnesses. Their memories and experiences of the period under study are confronted in the thesis with the minority legislation in force at the time. The main part of the thesis is devoted to the possibility of identification of the Hungarian minority. First of all, it focuses on the possibility of using the mother tongue in the public space, education, access to media, information and culture in the Hungarian language....
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The Differences Between the Hungarian and Roma Minorities' Situation in the Contemporary Romania
Stejskalová, Michaela ; Kocián, Jiří (advisor) ; Tejchman, Miroslav (referee)
This bachelor thesis focuses on the status differences between the Hungarian and Roma minorities after an accession to the EU in 2007. It examines how the approaches of Romanian government and the European Union differ toward the minorities and it characterises major challenges of the minorities in four different aspects - education, employment, housing conditions and political representation. Romani people started getting more attention from the Bucharest government when the country decided to join the European integration process. The EU was monitoring the situation of the Roma community regularly and decided to publish a framework strategy for Roma inclusion in 2011 which served as an example for member countries. Romanian government elaborated its own strategy within a year and updated it in 2014. This document provides a list of instructions to all Romanian institutions how to tackle the problems Romani community faces such as discrimination in hiring process, school segregation, bad housing conditions or poor representation in politics. The Hungarian minority has considerably better position in Romania than Roma people. Compared to other minorities this community is represented by solid number of politicians and Hungarian party UDMR has been part of the Romanian parliament since the election...
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The Differences Between the Hungarian and Roma Minorities' Situation in the Contemporary Romania
Stejskalová, Michaela ; Kocián, Jiří (advisor) ; Tejchman, Miroslav (referee)
This bachelor thesis focuses on the status differences between the Hungarian and Roma minorities after an accession to the EU in 2007. It examines how the approaches of Romanian government and the European Union differ toward the minorities and it characterises major challenges of the minorities in four different aspects - education, employment, housing conditions and political representation. Romani people started getting more attention from the Bucharest government when the country decided to join the European integration process. The EU was monitoring the situation of the Roma community regularly and decided to publish a framework strategy for Roma inclusion in 2011 which served as an example for member countries. Romanian government elaborated its own strategy within a year and updated it in 2014. This document provides a list of instructions to all Romanian institutions how to tackle the problems Romani community faces such as discrimination in hiring process, school segregation, bad housing conditions or poor representation in politics. The Hungarian minority has considerably better position in Romania than Roma people. Compared to other minorities this community is represented by solid number of politicians and Hungarian party UDMR has been part of the Romanian parliament since the election...
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Image of raider in narrative sources of 9th and 10th century
Purchart, Ondřej ; Drška, Václav (advisor) ; Suchánek, Drahomír (referee)
in English language: This work pursuits the way in which the raiders harassing the Europe in 9th and 10th centuries were portrayed in contemporary narrative sources. By analysing the individual sources, the view of the authors of that time on Viking, Magyar and Arab raiders is gradually formed and then the view on the raiders as whole because the view of all those three groups is largely the same. This work emphasizes on the things the analysed sources say about them both explicitly and unconsciously but also on the things they don't say or don't want to say. Amongst these sources is represented almost every type of literal form, which described raiding of the invaders during those two centuries, from chronicles and annals, to biographies and letters Thanks to the extent of the operations of the raiding nations there are also sources from different geographical and cultural regions of Europe and the distinctions can be watched. The effort of most of the authors is an image of a barbaric, unchristian rapist with fondness in pillaging, killing breaking agreements etc. Moreover, they very often detract or not even mention their military successes. But other aspects, like great military prowess and endeavour for settling, are also evident form these texts. The image is therefore very complex and...
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Tendency of national development of town Košice in the years 1945-1947
Fottová, Jana ; Pejša, Robert (advisor) ; Šutaj, Štefan (referee)
FOTTOVÁ, Jana. Tendency of national evolution of town Košice in the years 1945 - 1947 [bachelor thesis]. Charles University in Prague. Faculty of Arts. Department of Central European Studies. Supervisor: Mgr. Robert Pejša, Ph.D. Qualification level: bachelor. Prague: Faculty of Arts, Charles University, 2016. 70 p. Coexistence betweeen national minorities and major population is typical case for our country but even for many other countries since time out of mind. East Slovakia and its biggest town Košice are characterized by this mentioned phenomenom. Topic about solution of national minorities became dominating factor in town Košice and also in the whole country after the Second World War. The Bachelor's thesis consists of four sections. In the first chapter of this Bachelor's thesis we are concerned with history of town Košice since the very beginning until the 20th century and our consideration is focused on national conditions in each periods. The second chapter introduces term reslovakization which was bound to many parts of Slovakia including town Košice. The third part of that thesis constitutes of eviction, resettling and exchange Hungarian and German inhabitants from Slovakia after the Second World War and there is also described analogous situation in view of metropolis of east Slovakia...
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Hungarian minority in Ukraine and its role in Ukraine-Hungary relations since 1991
Mareš, Jakub ; Zilynskyj, Bohdan (advisor) ; Balla, Petr (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with Hungarian minority in Ukraine and its role in mutual relations between Ukraine and Hungary since 1991. It is divided into three parts: theoretical, regional and international. In theoretical part geographical and socioeconomic characteristics of Hungarian minority-settled Zakarpattia Oblast is outlined. This section also includes analysis of legal aspects of national minorities in Ukrainian legislation. In the next part historical evolution of Hungarian settlement in Transcarpathia is described, which is mainly focused on period after 1918, when local Hungarians ended up beyond Hungarian borders. Political and cultural organizations' development of Ukrainian- Hungarian minority from Ukraine's declaration of independence up to the present and their main issues are not overlooked. The last section focuses on Hungarian attitude towards its compatriots beyond borders. Evolution of mutual Ukraine-Hungarian relations and Hungarian minority's influence is analyzed in the end. Deep analysis of above mentioned parts discovered that Hungarian minority in Ukraine is one of the most important factor which determines dynamics of mutual relations between both countries. However, there is no supression of Hungarian minority rights, so the relations remain favourable.
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Taltos in Hungarian Culturae Tradition
Horychová, Simona ; Pargač, Jan (advisor) ; Šalanda, Bohuslav (referee)
The aim is to introduce a character of Táltoše in all its complexity. Táltos occurs mainly in Hungarian folklore. It is assumed that in rural environment are kept magic-religious beliefs of Proto-hungarians. Based on comparison of world beliefs Ugro-Finnish and Ural-Altaic ethnic groups of Siberia with the Hungarian folk tradition scientists try to prove that the original function of Táltos was the same as shaman held in Siberian ethnic groups. In the European environment, there are characters with the same attributes which dispose Táltos as well. For this reason, some scientists inclined to an European-Slavic origin. However, at the present Táltos is considered in Hungarian society as a shaman and therefore the scientists try to build on its old religious tradition. Keywords Taltos, shaman, shamanism, Hungarians, ethnogenesis, culture
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Government's policy towards national minorities in Slovakia
Smetanková, Daša ; Reschová, Jana (advisor) ; Mansfeldová, Zdenka (referee) ; Čáky, Milan (referee)
The thesis deals with the government's policy towards national minorities in Slovakia after 1993. It focuses on policies towards the two most populous minorities in Slovakia (Hungarian and Roma minority) mainly in two key spheres -- culture and education. The aim of the thesis is to evaluate the development of the minority policy towards Hungarians and Roma people and to asses individual factors that causes its changes. The goal is also to compare the approach of government coalitions towards these two minorities. The continuity of these policies is mainly observed. Policies can be influenced by internal and external factors. International organizations -- Council of Europe, European Union and OSCE -- and Hungarians are set as external factors and different government coalition in Slovakia as internal. Last question that thesis deals with is if the triadic nexus (as characterized by Rogers Brubaker) between nationalism of Slovak government, Hungary and Hungarian minority in Slovakia can influence also minority policy towards Roma. Despite all these factors that have an influence on government's minority policy after 1993 in Slovakia, it is continual.
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